4 changed files with 6 additions and 414 deletions
--- a/first_django_app.md
+++ b/first_django_app.md
@ -417,277 +417,3 @@ class ResultsView(generic.DetailView):
 * 我们提供 context_object_name 属性，表示我们想使用 latest_question_list
 重启服务器后，就是新的投票应用（同样的html），但是内部用了generic view
 ## Part 5 Automated Test
 TDD with python. Always stick to it.
 ### 5.1 First test
 #### Create/Verify a bug
 幸运的是，我们的 polls 应用现在就有一个小 bug 需要被修复：我们的要求是如果 Question 是在一天之内发布的， Question.was_published_recently() 方法将会返回 True ，然而现在这个方法在 Question 的 pub_date 字段比当前时间还晚时也会返回 True（这是个 Bug）。
 确认bug:
 ```
 >>> import datetime
 >>> from django.utils import timezone
 >>> from polls.models import Question
 >>> # create a Question instance with pub_date 30 days in the future
 >>> future_question = Question(pub_date=timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30))
 >>> # was it published recently?
 >>> future_question.was_published_recently()
 True
 ```
 #### Create a test to verify this bug
 All tests (polls/tests.py) are in app directory
 ```python
 import datetime
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.utils import timezone
 from .models import Question
 class QuestionModelTests(TestCase):
    def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
        """
        was_published_recently() returns False for questions whose pub_date is in future
        """
        time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
        future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
        self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)
 ```
 Result
 ```
 python manage.py test polls
 Creating test database for alias 'default'...
 System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
 F
 ======================================================================
 FAIL: test_was_published_recently_with_future_question (polls.tests.QuestionModelTests)
 was_published_recently() returns False for questions whose pub_date is in future
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/jason/HomeWorkstation/SynologyGiteaSpace/djangoproject/src/polls/tests.py", line 17, in test_was_published_recently_with_future_question
    self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)
 AssertionError: True is not False
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 Ran 1 test in 0.001s
 FAILED (failures=1)
 Destroying test database for alias 'default'...
 ```
 解释上述msg:
 * python manage.py test polls 将会寻找 polls 应用里的测试代码
 * 它找到了 django.test.TestCase 的一个子类
 * 它创建一个特殊的数据库供测试使用
 * 它在类中寻找测试方法——以 test 开头的方法。
 * 在 test_was_published_recently_with_future_question 方法中，它创建了一个 pub_date 值为 30 天后的 Question 实例。
 * 接着使用 assertls() 方法，发现 was_published_recently() 返回了 True，而我们期望它返回 False。
 #### Fix the bug
 Fix bug in `polls/models.py`
 ```python
    def was_published_recently(self):
        now = timezone.now()
        return now - datetime.timedelta(days=1) <= self.pub_date <= now
 ```
 #### Comprehensive Tests
 Write more tests to make sure it's comprehensive
 ```python
    def test_was_published_recently_with_old_question(self):
        """
        was_published_recently() returns False for questions whose pub_date is older than 1 day.
        """
        time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1, seconds=1)
        old_quesion = Question(pub_date=time)
        self.assertIs(old_quesion.was_published_recently(), False)
    def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question(self):
        """
        was_published_recently() returns True for questions whose pub_date is within the last day.
        """
        time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=23, minutes=59, seconds=59)
        recent_question = Question(pub_date=time)
        self.assertIs(recent_question.was_published_recently(), True)
 ```
 ### 5.2 Test a view
 Target: 如果 pub_date 设置为未来某天，这应该被解释为这个问题将在所填写的时间点才被发布，而在之前是不可见的。
 #### A test for a view
 We use TDD (i.e. test first, then develop)
 #### The Django test client
 Django provides a test **Client** (a class) to simulate a user interacting with the code at the view level.
 We can try it in interactive shell following the guide
 #### Test and Improve our view
 Add following in `tests.py`
 ```python
 def create_question(question_text, days):
    """
    Create a question with the given `question_text` and published the
    given number of `days` offset to now (negative for questions published
    in the past, positive for questions that have yet to be published).
    """
    time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=days)
    return Question.objects.create(question_text=question_text, pub_date=time)
 class QuestionIndexViewTests(TestCase):
    def test_no_questions(self):
        """
        If no questions exist, an appropriate message is displayed.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])
    def test_past_question(self):
        """
        Questions with a pub_date in the past are displayed on the
        index page.
        """
        create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
            response.context['latest_question_list'],
            ['<Question: Past question.>']
        )
    def test_future_question(self):
        """
        Questions with a pub_date in the future aren't displayed on
        the index page.
        """
        create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])
    def test_future_question_and_past_question(self):
        """
        Even if both past and future questions exist, only past questions
        are displayed.
        """
        create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
        create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
            response.context['latest_question_list'],
            ['<Question: Past question.>']
        )
    def test_two_past_questions(self):
        """
        The questions index page may display multiple questions.
        """
        create_question(question_text="Past question 1.", days=-30)
        create_question(question_text="Past question 2.", days=-5)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
            response.context['latest_question_list'],
            ['<Question: Past question 2.>', '<Question: Past question 1.>']
        )
 ```
 Testing generated
 ```
 Creating test database for alias 'default'...
 System check identified no issues (0 silenced).
 FF......
 ======================================================================
 FAIL: test_future_question (polls.tests.QuestionIndexViewTests)
 Questions with a pub_date in the future aren't displayed on
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/jason/HomeWorkstation/SynologyGiteaSpace/djangoproject/src/polls/tests.py", line 77, in test_future_question
    self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
  File "/home/jason/miniconda3/envs/django/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/test/testcases.py", line 470, in assertContains
    self.assertTrue(real_count != 0, msg_prefix + "Couldn't find %s in response" % text_repr)
 AssertionError: False is not true : Couldn't find 'No polls are available.' in response
 ======================================================================
 FAIL: test_future_question_and_past_question (polls.tests.QuestionIndexViewTests)
 Even if both past and future questions exist, only past questions
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/jason/HomeWorkstation/SynologyGiteaSpace/djangoproject/src/polls/tests.py", line 88, in test_future_question_and_past_question
    self.assertQuerysetEqual(
  File "/home/jason/miniconda3/envs/django/lib/python3.8/site-packages/django/test/testcases.py", line 1052, in assertQuerysetEqual
    return self.assertEqual(list(items), values, msg=msg)
 AssertionError: Lists differ: ['<Question: Future question.>', '<Question: Past question.>'] != ['<Question: Past question.>']
 First differing element 0:
 '<Question: Future question.>'
 '<Question: Past question.>'
 First list contains 1 additional elements.
 First extra element 1:
 '<Question: Past question.>'
 - ['<Question: Future question.>', '<Question: Past question.>']
 + ['<Question: Past question.>']
 ----------------------------------------------------------------------
 Ran 8 tests in 0.018s
 FAILED (failures=2)
 Destroying test database for alias 'default'...
 ```
 Fix it by change `get_queryset()` method in Question. 让他它能通过将 Question 的 pub_data 属性与 timezone.now() 相比较来判断是否应该显示此 Question
 #### Testing the DetailView
 Target: hide future questions even if user type correct URL
 Add test cases first
 ```python
 class QuestionDetailViewTests(TestCase):
    def test_future_question(self):
        """
        The detail view of a question with a pub_date in the future returns a 404 not found.
        """
        future_question = create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=5)
        url = reverse('poll:detail', args=(future_question.id, ))
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
    def test_past_questioin(self):
        """
        The detail view of a question with a pub_date in the past displays the question's text.
        """
        past_question = create_question(question_text='Past Question.', days=-5)
        url = reverse('polls:detail', args=(past_question.id,))
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertContains(response, past_question.question_text)
 ```
--- a/src/polls/models.py
+++ b/src/polls/models.py
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import datetime
 from django.db import models
-from django.utils import timezone
+from django.utils import timezone as djtz
 class Question(models.Model):
    # question_text & pub_date are instances of field
@ -9,8 +9,7 @@ class Question(models.Model):
    pub_date = models.DateTimeField('date published')
    def was_published_recently(self):
-        now = timezone.now()
+        return self.pub_date >= djtz.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1)
        return now - datetime.timedelta(days=1) <= self.pub_date <= now
    def __str__(self) -> str:
        return self.question_text
--- a/src/polls/tests.py
+++ b/src/polls/tests.py
@ -1,124 +1,3 @@
 import datetime
 from django.conf.urls import url
 from django.http import response
 from django.test import TestCase
 from django.utils import timezone
 from django.urls import reverse
-from .models import Question
+# Create your tests here.
 class QuestionModelTests(TestCase):
    def test_was_published_recently_with_future_question(self):
        """
        was_published_recently() returns False for questions whose pub_date is in future
        """
        time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=30)
        future_question = Question(pub_date=time)
        self.assertIs(future_question.was_published_recently(), False)
    def test_was_published_recently_with_old_question(self):
        """
        was_published_recently() returns False for questions whose pub_date is older than 1 day.
        """
        time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(days=1, seconds=1)
        old_quesion = Question(pub_date=time)
        self.assertIs(old_quesion.was_published_recently(), False)
    def test_was_published_recently_with_recent_question(self):
        """
        was_published_recently() returns True for questions whose pub_date is within the last day.
        """
        time = timezone.now() - datetime.timedelta(hours=23, minutes=59, seconds=59)
        recent_question = Question(pub_date=time)
        self.assertIs(recent_question.was_published_recently(), True)
 def create_question(question_text, days):
    """
    Create a question with the given `question_text` and published the
    given number of `days` offset to now (negative for questions published
    in the past, positive for questions that have yet to be published).
    """
    time = timezone.now() + datetime.timedelta(days=days)
    return Question.objects.create(question_text=question_text, pub_date=time)
 class QuestionIndexViewTests(TestCase):
    def test_no_questions(self):
        """
        If no questions exist, an appropriate message is displayed.
        """
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 200)
        self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])
    def test_past_question(self):
        """
        Questions with a pub_date in the past are displayed on the
        index page.
        """
        create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
            response.context['latest_question_list'],
            ['<Question: Past question.>']
        )
    def test_future_question(self):
        """
        Questions with a pub_date in the future aren't displayed on
        the index page.
        """
        create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertContains(response, "No polls are available.")
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(response.context['latest_question_list'], [])
    def test_future_question_and_past_question(self):
        """
        Even if both past and future questions exist, only past questions
        are displayed.
        """
        create_question(question_text="Past question.", days=-30)
        create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=30)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
            response.context['latest_question_list'],
            ['<Question: Past question.>']
        )
    def test_two_past_questions(self):
        """
        The questions index page may display multiple questions.
        """
        create_question(question_text="Past question 1.", days=-30)
        create_question(question_text="Past question 2.", days=-5)
        response = self.client.get(reverse('polls:index'))
        self.assertQuerysetEqual(
            response.context['latest_question_list'],
            ['<Question: Past question 2.>', '<Question: Past question 1.>']
        )
 class QuestionDetailViewTests(TestCase):
    def test_future_question(self):
        """
        The detail view of a question with a pub_date in the future returns a 404 not found.
        """
        future_question = create_question(question_text="Future question.", days=5)
        url = reverse('polls:detail', args=(future_question.id, ))
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertEqual(response.status_code, 404)
    def test_past_questioin(self):
        """
        The detail view of a question with a pub_date in the past displays the question's text.
        """
        past_question = create_question(question_text='Past Question.', days=-5)
        url = reverse('polls:detail', args=(past_question.id,))
        response = self.client.get(url)
        self.assertContains(response, past_question.question_text)
--- a/src/polls/views.py
+++ b/src/polls/views.py
@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ from django.shortcuts import render, get_object_or_404
 from django.template import loader
 from django.urls import reverse
 from django.views import generic
 from django.utils import timezone
 from .models import Question, Choice
@ -12,24 +11,13 @@ class IndexView(generic.ListView):
    context_object_name = 'latest_question_list'
    def get_queryset(self):
-        """
+        """Return the last five published questions."""
-        Return the last five published questions (not including those set to be published in the future).
+        return Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
        """
        return Question.objects.filter(
            pub_date__lte=timezone.now()
        ).order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
        # return Question.objects.order_by('-pub_date')[:5]
 class DetailView(generic.DetailView):
    model = Question
    template_name = 'polls/detail.html'
    def get_queryset(self):
        """
        Excludes any questions that aren't published yet
        """
        return Question.objects.filter(pub_date__lte=timezone.now())
 class ResultsView(generic.DetailView):
    model = Question
    template_name = 'polls/results.html'